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    Research and Development

    Experiments in model architecture, training, evaluation, and efficient inference

    All research

    Speculative Decoding, Formally: The Algorithm, the Proof, and the Metrics That Matter

    Conscious Engines

    The draft-then-verify algorithm behind speculative decoding, its rejection-sampling proof of losslessness, and the metrics that matter.

    Inference

    The Need for Speed: Why LLMs Are Slow and What Speculation Promises

    Conscious Engines

    Your GPU sits nearly idle during token generation — the memory-bandwidth bottleneck behind LLM latency, and how speculation exploits it.

    Inference

    A Field Guide to Speculative Decoding Methods

    Conscious Engines

    Every major speculative decoding method compared: Medusa, lookahead, SpecInfer, Sequoia, self-speculation, and more, mapped in one guide.

    Inference

    The EAGLE Family: Speculating in Feature Space

    Conscious Engines

    Three generations of EAGLE speculative decoding, from feature-level drafting to state-of-the-art speedups — compared side by side.

    Inference

    Parallel Drafting with Block Diffusion: DFlash and DDTree

    Conscious Engines

    DFlash and DDTree fill an entire token block per drafting pass, pushing speculative decoding speedups past 7x over sequential drafters.

    Inference

    Putting It to Work: Serving Speculative Decoding with vLLM and SGLang

    Conscious Engines

    A practical guide to enabling EAGLE, n-gram, and Medusa speculative decoding in vLLM and SGLang, with real production speedup numbers.

    Inference

    Speculative Decoding in MLX using DFlash

    Sabesh B

    An empirical evaluation of speculative decoding on Apple Silicon, across a 300-run parameter sweep

    apple siliconInference